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The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation, Supplemental Video 1: The merging (accretion) of two planets by giant impact
Visualization of two planets undergoing a giant impact that results in a merger (accretion) based on computer simulation output. The larger (target) body is one tenth the mass of the Earth and the smaller (impactor) body is 70% the mass of the target. The planets are colliding at 1.08 times their mutual escape velocity which equates to 3.63 km/s. The collision angle defined by the angle between the velocity vector at impact and the line of their centers of mass is 30°. Off-axis collisions such as these are more probable than on-axis (head-on) collisions.
Variables: The top-left panel shows mantle and core materials as unique colors for the target and impactor. The top-right panel shows the density of material in kilograms per cubic meter. The bottom-left panel shows temperature in thousands of Kelvins. The bottom right panel shows pressure in Pascals.
Software: Simulation run by T.S.J. Gabriel ([email protected]) using SPLATCH a planetary Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code developed at the University of Bern (Reufer 2011) maintained by A. Emsenhuber (Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich; [email protected]) and H. Ballantyne (University of Bern; [email protected]).
Citation: Gabriel & Cambioni (2023). The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation Annual Reviews.
The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation, Supplemental Video 3: Erosion of two planets in a giant impact
Visualization of two planets undergoing a giant impact that results in the erosion of the target and impactor based on computer simulation output. This giant impact outcome is sometimes referred to as an erosive hit-and-run. The larger (target) body is one tenth the mass of the Earth and the smaller (impactor) body is 70% the mass of the target. The planets are colliding at 3.25 times their mutual escape velocity which equates to 10.92 km/s. The collision angle defined by the angle between the velocity vector at impact and the line of their centers of mass is 30°. At greater multiples of the escape velocity the runner may be entirely disrupted after the collision.
Variables: The top-left panel shows mantle and core materials as unique colors for the target and impactor. The top-right panel shows the density of material in kilograms per cubic meter. The bottom-left panel shows temperature in thousands of Kelvins. The bottom right panel shows pressure in Pascals.
Software: Simulation run by T.S.J. Gabriel ([email protected]) using SPLATCH a planetary Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code developed at the University of Bern (Reufer 2011) maintained by A. Emsenhuber (Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich; [email protected]) and H. Ballantyne (University of Bern; [email protected]).
Citation: Gabriel & Cambioni (2023). The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation Annual Reviews.
The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation, Supplemental Video 5: Two planets undergoing a graze-and-merge giant impact
Visualization of two planets undergoing a graze-and-merge style giant impact based on computer simulation output. This style of collision has been widely theorized for the formation of the Moon. The larger (target) body is one tenth the mass of the Earth and the smaller (impactor) body is 70% the mass of the target. The planets are colliding at 1.10 times their mutual escape velocity which equates to 3.69 km/s. The collision angle defined by the angle between the velocity vector at impact and the line of their centers of mass is 45°.
Variables: The top-left panel shows mantle and core materials as unique colors for the target and impactor. The top-right panel shows the density of material in kilograms per cubic meter. The bottom-left panel shows temperature in thousands of Kelvins. The bottom right panel shows pressure in Pascals.
Software: Simulation run by T.S.J. Gabriel ([email protected]) using SPLATCH a planetary Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code developed at the University of Bern by (Reufer 2011) maintained by A. Emsenhuber (Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich; [email protected]) and H. Ballantyne (University of Bern; [email protected]).
Citation: Gabriel & Cambioni (2023). The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation Annual Reviews.
The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation, Supplemental Video 2: Two planets undergoing a hit-and-run giant impact
Visualization of two planets undergoing a hit-and-run giant impact based on computer simulation output. This style of collision comprises around half of the giant impacts expected to occur during the latter stages of Solar System formation. The larger (target) body is one tenth the mass of the Earth and the smaller (impactor) body is 70% the mass of the target. When the impactor survives relatively intact after the collision it is sometimes referred to as the runner. The planets are colliding at 2.5 times their mutual escape velocity which equates to 8.40 km/s. The collision angle defined by the angle between the velocity vector at impact and the line of their centers of mass is 60°.
Variables: The top-left panel shows mantle and core materials as unique colors for the target and impactor. The top-right panel shows the density of material in kilograms per cubic meter. The bottom-left panel shows temperature in thousands of Kelvins. The bottom right panel shows pressure in Pascals.
Software: Simulation run by T.S.J. Gabriel ([email protected]) using SPLATCH a planetary Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code developed at the University of Bern (Reufer 2011) maintained by A. Emsenhuber (Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich; [email protected]) and H. Ballantyne (University of Bern; [email protected]).
Citation: Gabriel & Cambioni (2023). The Role of Giant Impacts in Planet Formation Annual Reviews.
Beyond the Ballot Box: A Conversation About Democracy and Policing in the United States
Political scientist Hakeem Jefferson (Stanford University) facilitated a discussion about race policing and the state of American democracy with fellow political scientists Cathy J. Cohen (University of Chicago) Yanilda M. González (Harvard Kennedy School) Rebecca U. Thorpe (University of Washington) and Vesla M. Weaver (Johns Hopkins University) on May 26 2021. The conversation occurred a year after George Perry Floyd Jr. a 46-year-old Black man was murdered by a White police officer in Minneapolis Minnesota. Moving beyond common notions of democracy that focus primarily on voting and electoral participation the panelists discussed how American policing and the criminal justice system more broadly redefine citizenship redistribute power and shape marginalized people's understanding of their place in society. Closing remarks addressed the potential for change in how criminal justice institutions treat marginalized people and how political scientists can more usefully contribute to efforts that strengthen democracy for all.
Economics with a Moral Compass? Welfare Economics: Past, Present, and Future
This conversation between Nobel Laureates Amartya Sen and Angus Deaton moderated by Annual Review of Economics Editorial Committee Member Tim Besley focuses on bringing ethical issues into economics and the implications that this has for the practice and teaching of economics.
A Conversation with Angus Deaton
Dr. Angus Deaton Professor of Economics and International Affairs Emeritus at Princeton University and Presidential Professor of Economics at University of Southern California in conversation with Dr. Gordon Rausser Co-Editor of the Annual Review of Resource Economics. Read the associated article.
A Conversation with Robert Keohane
Robert O. Keohane Professor of International Affairs at Princeton University in conversation with Helen V. Milner Professor of Politics and International Relations at Princeton University.
The Insect Circulatory System: Structure, Function, and Evolution: Video 1
A video from the 2020 review by Julián F. Hillyer and Günther Pass "The Insect Circulatory System: Structure Function and Evolution" from the Annual Review of Entomology.
Shown: Dorsal view of a mosquito abdomen showing the contracting heart. (Anterior on left; real time.)
The Insect Circulatory System: Structure, Function, and Evolution: Video 2
A video from the 2020 review by Julián F. Hillyer and Günther Pass "The Insect Circulatory System: Structure Function and Evolution" from the Annual Review of Entomology.
Shown: Dorsal view of a mosquito abdomen showing the dynamics of hemolymph flow. (Anterior on left; real time.)
Gary P. Latham: The Three Secrets to Gary’s Success
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: How Do We Make Sure Our Research Is Relevant for Organizations and Managers?
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: Gary’s Soapbox: This Is the Scandal of Our Field
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: On the Marriage Between Locke and Latham
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: On the HR/OB Dichotomy
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: Lesson Learned #2 - Don’t Get Scooped
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: Theory - Everything in Moderation
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: Advice for Every Stage of Your Graduate Career
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.
Gary P. Latham: Lesson Learned #1 - How Do You Win by Putting Other People Down- You Don’t
Gary P. Latham Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness and Professor of Organizational Behaviour and HR Management at the University of Toronto talks about his life and career with Frederick Morgeson Eli Broad Professor of Management at the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University for the 2019 volume of the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior.